C5a

產品名稱：C5a ELISA
產    地：Demeditec 
產品貨號：DE3327
產品規格：2x96 Tests
產品說明：
Special remarks: This C5a ELISA kit provides materials for the quantitative determination of Anaphylatoxin C5a in human plasma or urine. The antiserum cross reacts with rabbit, pig, and rhesus monkey; but it does not cross react with rat.
In this assay serum samples cannot be used as the presence of free calcium ions changes the C5a concentration in vitro.
C5a is a protein fragment released from complement component C5. In humans, the polypeptide contains 74 amino acids but is rapidly metabolised by a serum enzyme, carboxypeptidase B to a 73 amino acid form, C5a des-Arg. C5a is an anaphylatoxin, causing the release of histamine from mast cells; C5a des-Arg is a much less potent anaphylatoxin. However, both forms are effective leucocyte chemoattractants, causing the accumulation of white blood cells, especially neutrophil granulocytes, at sites of complement activation.
C5a binds to a receptor protein on the surface of target cells, C5aR or CD88. This is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily of proteins, predicted to have seven transmembrane helical domains of largely hydrophobic amino acid residues, forming three intra- and three extra-cellular loops, with an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus. C5a binding to the receptor is a two-stage process: an interaction between basic residues in the helical core of C5a and acidic residues in the extracellular N-terminal domain allows the C-terminus of C5a to bind to residues in the receptor transmembrane domains. The latter interaction leads to receptor activation, and the transduction of the ligand binding signal across the cell plasma membrane to a cytoplasmic G protein.
The complement system consists of more than 20 proteins which evolved as defense system against invading microorganisms. It can also be activated in a variety of disease states or upon contact with medical devices or drugs. Upon activation, a cascade of proteolytic enzymes releases the anaphylatoxins C3a, C4a and C5a from their respective precursors. These fragments exert various biological functions such as histamine release, smooth muscle contraction, increase in capillary permeability or immunomodulation. In addition, C5a and its degraded form C5a-desArg are highly potent chemotactic agents for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which then will release tissue degradative enzymes and oxygen radicals. This in turn will also lead to activation of other humoral systems such as coagulation and fibrinolysis. Thus, C5a is probably the most important complement-derived proinflammatory mediator. C5a is believed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of septic shock, the ***** respiratory distress syndrome, acute pancreatitis and the deleterious effects after myardial infarction. Recently it has been shown that C5a is closely associated with the capillary leak syndrome in leukemic children after bone marrow transplantation. C5a is also a marker in urine for predicting the onset of acute graft rejection after kidney transplantation. With respect to possible deleterious consequences, C5a determination may be indicated during hemodialysis, after cardiopulmonary bypass or after any other contact with medical devices.
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